Create Wildlife Habitat in Your Backyard

Recently you may have heard the terms 'ecotherapy,' 'nature-based therapy' or 'nature deficit disorder.' They have surfaced in response to research that shows humans have a basic need to be in touch with the world around them; that contact with nature and wildlife promotes both mental and physical well-being. Everyday we feel a pull to nature in one way or another, through a desire to gaze at the night sky, study a stately hawk or appreciate the change of a season. Upon seeing a turtle inch across a busy road, we take time from our ridiculously busy lives and stop to help him out before continuing on to our destination.

The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) makes it easy for you to add a little (or a lot) of nature to your surroundings. The five simple steps below will help you create beautiful outdoor spaces that you, your family and various critters will enjoy. All you have to do is provide sources of food, water and cover, then maintain those sources in an environmentally friendly manner.

1. Create Food Sources: Native plants and wildflowers are excellent natural sources of food for wildlife, and because they are well-accustomed to your area, they require less intensive care. For a list of plants native to your state, along with undesirable invasives to avoid, click here. To learn about attracting butterflies by incorporating their favorite vegetation into your garden, read ' Relief For Weary Monarch Butterflies.'

2. Create Water Sources: Birdbaths are excellent sources of clean water for urban wildlife, but if you have a yard to work with, a great way to provide access to water is to create a small pond or water garden. It's easier than it sounds:

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• Dig a hole 1 to 3 feet deep, preferably 3 feet if you want your pond to be frog-friendly. Make sure the bottom is flat and level, or water may leak from one side. Make sure at least one edge is sloped, so frogs can come and go as needed.
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• Add padding to the floor of the hole with sand or old carpet to protect the liner.
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• Measure the hole and choose a liner made from EPDM (a synthetic rubber that withstands high and low temperatures); PVC will deteriorate faster and contains harmful chemicals. The liner should be big enough to extend at least 8 inches around the edge of the hole. Install the liner, then add rocks and dirt around the edge to secure it.
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• Add water and plants. (If you fill the hole with tap water, let it sit for about a week to allow the chlorine to dissipate before adding plants or other waterlife.)
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